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Northeast/Mid-Atlantic Project Resources:
The Northeast and Mid-Atlantic region stretches from Maine to Virginia and includes more than 17,570 miles of shoreline. The region is dominated primarily by the mountainous New England Uplands and the low elevation Atlantic Coastal Plain. The landscape in the northern area of the region is dominated by rocky coastlines and deep valleys which resulted from glaciation thousands of years ago. Whereas the landscape along the southern end of the region is much flatter, resulting in large swaths of low-lying marsh land and meandering rivers.
The Northeast and Mid-Atlantic region encompasses some of the most densely populated areas of the United States. A massive population and a long history of human development and industry have caused a number of stressors on fish and wildlife habitats. Some of the most profound stressors for wildlife in the Region are: habitat loss or fragmentation; increased pollution; reductions in water quantity and quality; overfishing; and climate change. Invasive species cause ecological harm by displacing native species, degrading habitat and altering food webs. This, in turn, has a negative impact on industries such as fishing, agricultural, tourism and can threaten human health.
Aquatic invasive species can harm local water supplies, damage native ecosystems, impact outdoor recreation activities, and threaten our health and safety. They cost the U.S. billions of dollars annually to manage and can cause long-term economic and environmental harm.
Japanese knotweed, an invasive plant species.
Purple loosestrife, an invasive plant species. Source: invadingspecies.com
Common invasive species in the Northeast
Some of the common invasive coastal plant species include: Phragmites (common reed), Japanese knotweed, Japanese stiltgrass, purple loosestrife, Eurasian water-milfoil, mile-a-minute, Hydrilla, water hyacinth, creeping primrose, parrot-feather, didymo (“rock-snot”), water chestnut, devil’s toungue weed, eead-man’s fingers/green fleece
Invasive species and noxious weed classifications are very regionally specific. Sometimes, a plant classified as invasive in one area may not be invasive in another. Check the local noxious weed lists for species considered invasive and what level of control is required. Treatment/removal is unique to the plant species. Some species are easy to remove with hand-pulling. Some species infestations are made worse by hand-pulling and must be controlled with pesticides in accordance with a permit. Consultation with local invasive species authorities is necessary when working with invasive species.
The best way for you to help prevent the spread of invasive plant species is to stop new outbreaks before they start. Each of us has a role in keeping our waterways clean and healthy for future generations. For example, the best way that you can help to prevent the spread of aquatic invasive species is to always clean your boat after use.
Early detection can help avoid many of the environmental and economic losses caused by invasive species. Reporting invasive species to the experts could stop the next invasion.
Report invasive species through the national Early Detection and Distribution Mapping System (EDDMapS) or the Mid-Atlantic Early Detection Tool.
Additionally, many states have invasive species reporting hotlines, online forms, or mobile apps. Using your internet browser, search with the terms “invasive species reporting [enter your state or county]” to discover how best to report in your area.
While invasive species pose major challenges, a number of management options exist. Prevention is important, but that is beyond the scope of this website. Physical or mechanical control, chemical control, cultural management, and biological control are all useful tools.
Removing invasive species and restoring native species brings myriad benefits. Restoration of wetlands, dunes, and other coastal areas protects against erosion, reduces flooding, and improves water quality. Native birds, fish, and other wildlife return to restored areas, enhancing fisheries and biodiversity. Habitat improvement helps the recovery of threatened or endangered species. Tourism and outdoor recreation benefit as people fish, bird watch, or visit wildlife areas.
What can you expect if you want to remove invasive species?
Invasive species removal can be a rewarding activity for any group of concerned citizens. Many species can be removed by hand, with little training. It is best to consult a local expert to understand the likely long-term outcomes of your effort. Some plant species can only be substantially reduced using fire, changing land elevation, or applying herbicides across large areas. Some plant infestations are made worse by hand-pulling which can break the material into many pieces, each of which can sprout a new plant (e.g. knotweed) and can only be reduced with pesticides (permit required).
One important role for local residents is participating in identification efforts to stop the spread of these species before they firmly take hold.
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